Depression is one of the most common mental health disorders. It is a medical condition characterized by excessive and prolonged sadness, emptiness or irritability. Some signs of depression involve changes in sleep, appetite, energy, concentration and feelings of guilt, hopelessness or suicidal thoughts. Left untreated, depression can be devastating for the individual and his or her family. However, with early intervention, psychotherapy, medication, and healthy lifestyle habits, many can and do get better.
Safety is the first priority. A life-threatening major depressive disorder would require inpatient treatment to monitor for safety and provide stabilization.
Anxiety is a natural human emotion. However, an anxiety disorder is intense fear and distress that interferes with daily functioning and physical well-being. There are different types of anxiety disorders, each with unique symptoms. Overall, there is persistent and excessive fear or worry in non-threatening situations that lead to emotional and physical symptoms. Common types of treatment can include psychotherapy, antianxiety or antidepressant medications and relaxation techniques.
Individuals with bipolar disorder can experience dramatic shifts in mood, energy and concentration. They can experience different types of high and/or low moods known as mania, hypomania, mixed mania, or depression. If left untreated, bipolar disorder usually worsens. However, treatments such as psychotherapy, mood stabilizing medications, a healthy lifestyle, good support and the ability to identify symptoms early, individuals can function well.
Traumatic events can have a drastic impact on an individual's well-being. Many experience short-term responses to these events, and some will develop long term symptoms that can lead to posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). These individuals can have symptoms such as flashbacks, nightmares, hypervigilance, irritability, avoidance, negative self-thoughts and poor concentration. It is also common for individuals to experience depression and anxiety as well. PTSD can be treated and managed with trauma-focused therapy, medications, grounding techniques and even service animals.
Individuals with OCD experience repetitive, persistent, unwanted and intrusive thoughts (obsessions) and/or excessively irrational urges to do certain acts (compulsions) that interfere with daily functioning and are time consuming. There is an awareness that these thoughts and behaviors do not make sense, but they are unable to suppress them. A combined treatment strategy of psychotherapy (Cognitive Behavioral, Exposure Response) and medications is usually most effective.
Psychotic disorders involve symptoms such as hallucinations, delusions, disorganized speech, and abnormal behaviors. It can often be frightening for the individuals and their loved ones. Psychosis can also be present in other disorders such as depression and bipolar disorder. Early intervention and treatment can lead to the best outcomes.
ADHD is characterized by persistent inattention and/or hyperactivity and impulsivity that interferes with functioning or development. It is commonly diagnosed in children and adolescents, but can also affect adults. With adequate treatment, those with ADHD can be productive and successful in school or work. It can be treated and managed through behavioral therapy, self-management, school assistance and medications.
Behavioral disturbance disorders in children and adolescents involve difficulties in emotional and behavioral regulation. Therapy is the mainstay of treatment. Pharmacological interventions can be useful to manage aggression, impulsivity or concurrent depression/anxiety/attention deficit disorders.
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